
Oass 
Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 







>^tL.4g-<r .wr, -^ -<:, «-»-^-' 



2^1 E M I R 

OF 

COLONEL SAMUEL NEVERS. 



M E M I H 

OF 

COL. SAMUEL NEVEES, 

LATE OF 

SWEDEN, 

TO WHOSE EARLY FRIENDS AXD RELA- 
TIVES THIS LITTLE WORK IS 

KESPECTFULLY 

DEDICATED ^ . 

BY 

WILLIAM NEVERS 3D, 

AUTHOR. 



PRESS OF GEO. W. MILLETT, .<'^^'' '•^%^^ 
NORWAY. " ;^^COPYR!GHf'^' 



s^ 






Eotered according to Act of Congress, in the 

year 1858, by 

WILLIAM NEVERS 3d, 

III the Clerk's Office of the District Court oJ" 

the District of Maine. 



7 



PREFACE. 



So small a book, can hardly be 
supposed to need a preface ; but 
small as it is, it has a design. 

And first, let it be understood 
that it is not made to sell; and 
the question as to "vyhether it tv'OuM 
-pay*' or not, 'W'as not inade a 
«]Uestion. 

A few friends and relatives "wish- 
ed to preserve, in some form, the 
life of Mr. Nevers; and at their 
instance, these brief outlines are ar- 



iv PREPACE. 

raiigctl in this form — brief and im- 
perfect. 

There was material for a longer 
^'Life;" but this answers the de- 
sign of those interested; and fur- 
thermore, the -writer has none of 
that miagery so necessary to deck 
the ''theater of reahties.*' As this 
little work will not be likely to be 
thrown much upon the public, the 
public taste has been little consult- 
ed : and if it pleases those inter- 
ested, it certainly ought to please 
the Author. 



11 E xM I R 

OF 

COLONEL SAMUEL KEVE.E3. 



INTKODUCTION. 



It is to be regretted, that the gene- 
alogy of the family cannot be traced 
with reasonable minuteness, farther 
back than to Samuel, the father of the 
subject of this Memoir; and only 
enough is known of him to show, be- 
yond doubt, that he was born in AYo- 
burn, Massachusetts, not far from the 
year 1730. His right name was Mar- 
shall, but he was an adopted son to one 
Samuel Nevers, of Woburn. 

He settled in Burlington, Massa- 
chusetts. His first wife was a Miss 
Wyman, by whom he had six children ; 
Samuel, born 1766, William, Mary, 
Susanna, John, and an infant son that 
survived only a few hour^'. 



8 MEMOIR OF 

Of these children, William alone 
survives J and still lives in Sweden, 
near the home just left by Samuel, the 
eldest. 

The others have long since left the 
scenes of earth. 

To John, there is attached a mourn- 
ful history. Long after the Revolu- 
tion he was on board of an American 
vessel lying in one of our Atlantic 
harbors, when she was boarded by a 
British recruitinc^ officer, and refusino; 

CD i O 

to show his protection papers, was im- 
pressed into the British Naval service, 
and his after fate is yet untold. 

By a second marriage with a Miss 
Wyman, of Burlington, — sister to his 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. \) 

first 'wife, — "vvere added twelve child- 
ren : five sons and seven daughters. 

The sons were Elijah, Asa, Wyman, 
Benjamin, and Issac. The daughters 
were Harriet and Matilda, (never mar- 
ried;) and Mrs. Bennett, Mrs. Locke, 
Mrs. Carey, Mrs. Raymond, and Mrs. 
Curtis. 

The father was early engaged in the 
" French and Indian War,*' in the ex- 
pedition under Rogers. 

In this war he was in many of the 
hardest-fought battles with the Indians. 
One little incident of Indian cunninsr, 
may be told in his own words. 

"One day, as our file leader was 
taking us through the woods, he stop- 
ped short, and struck his hatchet into 



10 MEMOIll OF 

"wluit I supposed to be the ground ; but 
pretty soon a large Indian sprang up 
and reeled forward dead — his head 
entirely split open by the hatchet. 

" This was a I'use of the Indians to 
hide one of their number in the leaves 
on the ground; to count the American 
forces as they passed along ; but this 
poor fellow had made a mlss-go that 
time." 

He, toOj was the first to take up 
arms in the Revolutionary struggle. 
He heard the report of the first gun 
discharged on the morning of the bat- 
tle of Lexington. 

lie joined no company; and easily 
got permission to fight oii his own 



CUL. .SAMIEL NEVEKS. 11 

hook, for he was every where known 
as a •' dead shot.''' 

He secreted himself along the line 
of the enemy's route, and in the courso 
of the day — to use his own words — 
"gave them sixty- two bullets to do 
what they pleased with.'' 

Towards sun-set, he was wounded in 
the thigh; but he managed to keep 
hard on the enemy's flank, till he was 
utterly unable to walk, when he lay 
down behind a fence. 

In a short time he saw approaching, 
five British officers, with a horse and 
chaise which they had stolen. Of this 
last scene on that memorable day, ho 
says: ''I put two balls through the 
leather of the chaise in the right place. 



12 MEMOIR OF 

Pretty soon they hauled up ; and two 
of them got out and lifted out three 
dead bodies and threw them over the 
wall!" 

In a short time there came alon;^ 
one of his near neighbors, by the name 
of Bacon, on horseback. He had his 
horse loaded with clothing he had ta- 
ken from houses where the inhabitants? 
had fled at sidit of the Eno;lish. Ba- 
con was an infernal tory. 

Nevers requested the loan of hi.^ 
horse, so that he could overtake the 
enemy; but was refused. Mr. B. did 
not go but a short distance before his 
horse fell to rise no more. 

Mr. Nevers said he knew the man 
who piloted the British out of Boston. 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 13 

His name 'svas Smith. He tried liim 
once, as lie ^vas coming down a liill. 
There Avas one of the Light Infixntry 
bcj'Ond Smith, who jumped his length 
above the rest, and fell a corpse. S. 
got down from his horse, took off his 
hat and examined it, but did not mount 
again in his sight. Smith was not a 
friend to his country. 

The generous reader must pardon 
the seeming haste "with which we pass 
over this part of our task; but the 
space is small. 

Of the heroes of that day, impartial 
History has w^'itten. 

They lived for Freedom ; and they 
could die for it. 

Whether on paper or marble, each 



14 MEMOIR OF 

name sliall be found, does not matter ; 
for it is just as safe in the heart-histo- 
ry of grateful sons and daughters. 

Thej met life and death with e(j[ual 
courage. They repose their ashes un- 
der the green sward, and all above 
them is the blessing. 

We pass to the subject of our sketch. 

Colonel Samuel Nevers, was, as 
has been seen, the eldest of eighteen 
children. Born in 176G, his early life 
was one continual hardship and danger. 

He had no opportunities to acquire 
an education. In the rugged school of 
real life he was taught "the rudiments 
(>f desperate studies," without the pol- 
ish of scholarship. 

At the age of thirteen, — his mother 



COL. SAMUEL SfEVERS. 15 

being dead, — his fatlier told him that 
he had the whole world to get a livir.g 
in ; and with a firm purpose, and a 
light heartj he proceeded to take for- 
mal possession of his heritage ! 

Alone, and on foot, journeyed tO' 
Warwick, where he found a home in 
the family of a Doctor Williams. He 
seems to have been quite a favorite 
with the Doctor ; and tells, with great 
giisio, a thousand and one incidents of 
his '"boy-life," during his sojourn with 
the family ; how he watched the squir- 
rels at their daily work, and pounced 
upon their miser-store of chestnuts : 
how he shot the marauding crow and 
the thieving thrush ; and gathered tlK3 
well-stored and fiercely-protected Win- 



16 



MEMOIR OF 



ter stocks of honey from tlie forest pine; 
and numberless freaks and ^vliims, joys 
and sorrows, as familiar as '^houseliold 
words," to any one who has ever had 
the incSable hai^j^iness of beinoj once a 
boy ! ! 

One scientific experiment of Iiig, 
wliile at the Doctor's, is sufficiently 
amusing to warrant a record : iind the 
mxhr and spirit of research was mani- 
festly entitled to a more gratifying re- 
sult. 

He says :— '' One Sunday morning, 
as the family had gone to moetin^-j 
leaving me in possession of the Castlej 
I thought I would have some sport 
with the dog. I brought out the Doc- 
tor's battery, and after having chai-gcd 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 17 

it to the highest notch, I took the dog 
and placed his paw on the wire. The 
first thing I knew of myself, I was on 
the floor, flatter than a broken egg. 

^^ The dog took it harder than I did. 
lie whirled around and around, and 
finally went through the window, ta- 
king with him the entire sash ! 

"When the Doctor came home, he 
asked some questions about the window, 
and I told him the dog went through it. 
lie asked no further questions ; and 
whether he ever mistrusted the real 
truth, or not, I never knew." 

His stay at the Doctor's was two 
years ; he then went back to his fa- 
ther's. He stopped at home but a few 
days, — long enough to help dig a field 



IS ME3I0III OF 

of potatoes after four inclier of snoic 
had fallen. 

His next move was to Brooklyn, 
where an unole (his father's brother) 
lived. 

There, he sajs, ''he had another 
cold job digging potatoes;" and con- 
cludes, in the event of his ever owning; 
a farm, he would never plant them ! 

Of the particular reason of his next 
move, he says nothing; but it appears 
that he soon left his uncle's, and ship- 
ped in a Privateersman, — the brig 
Hjder Ali,-~then just fitted and 
ready to sail from Salem. 

This brig mounted sixteen guns. 

From this period, dates the danger, 
the privation, the cool, calculating, yet 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 19 

fervent and bold spirit of tlie man, tlic 
ardor of tlie Patriot, the courage of the 
Soldier, and the character of the Citi- 
zen. 

The -writer of this, has no records of 
the owners or officers of the brig. She 
immediately sailed, and her first cruise 
was off JSTew Brunswick. 

One adventure of the crew is, per- 
Laps, worth relating. 

One fine morning, as the brig was 
moored close to the shore, a proposi- 
tion was made to go ashore, and if 
possible find some poultry — perhaps 
some truant chickens, too far strayed 
from the parent roost. 

Close by the shore was a thicket of 
bushes, wdiile farther back, a sloping 



20 MEMOIR OF 

field and farm house could be seen — 
liear vrliicli the chickens were supposed 
to be. 

The party had hardly landed, before 
they saw an Indian creep cautiously 
across the path, a little distance ahead. 
Betaking themselves to the landing, 
I hey hoisted a signal, and instantly the 
cannon from the brig roared a broad- 
side, and the shot raked the thicket. 
One minute more and the whole hill- 
h^ide was lined with scampering savages, 
who ran with all the strength of beings 
irightened to madness. In the words 
of the narrator, '• they acted as thouglf 
they had urgent business at home!'' 
I^ut the chickens were forgotten, and 
wlien our little company remembered 



COL. SAMUEL NEVER3. 21 

that they were but a short distance 
irom a British fleet, they very quietly 
weighed anchor and stood out to sea. 

But the cruise was a short one and 
unfortunate. Chases most of the time, 
it required all the energy of the little 
band, to keep safe and afloat, with wa- 
ging a war of aggression. 

At lengtli they were overhauled by 
a British cruiser, as they lay in a fog. 

The Englishman proved to be hU 
Majesty's three deck ship, CnATHAXf, 
mounting sixty-four guns. The Pri- 
vateer, unwilling to contend against 
such odds, surrendered ; and the crew, 
numbering forty-four, were ordered ou 
hoard the enemy's vessel. The Eng- 



22 MEMOIR OF 

lish told us they ^vould nin us under if 
we fired a gun. 

Perhaps we can do no better than 
give the history of the capture, impris- 
onment, and subsequent escape of the 
young captive, in his own words : as 
often repeated to his children and 
friends. 

"After they had drawn in the long 
boat, and manned the prize, the Band 
stationed themselves on the fore deck, 
and played '' Yankee Doodle." 

" When the strain was ended, an old 
gruff and weather-beaten Yankee tar, 
sung out, — 

'' Play Bunker Hill, d— n ye !" 

''Then came the tallest swearing I 
ever heard. The Pritish officers °©r- 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 23 

dered us all butchered on the spot. 
We immediately passed round the or- 
der to draw our knives ; and, as there 
■were two stacks of muskets standing 
near, with bayonets fixed, it is certain 
that there would have been a hard fight, 
if they had attempted to execute the 
order. 

^'We kept cool, however, and they 
finally contented themselves by putting 
fourteen of us in the dungeon. 

' ' The rest were afterwards sent to 
Kew York and imprisoned. All we 
had to eat was a kind of porridge made 
of pea-meal and water — burjout, so 
called. 

"This they let down to us in a 
bucket. I generally managed to get 



24 MEMOIR OP 

my shoe full, and going into a corner, 
would cool it and have a feast. At the 
end of fourteen days we were taken 
out, and ordered to do duty. 

'' They asked me if I could serve 
the King ; and I told them I thought 
I could but poorly. 

"The task assigned me. was to wait 
upon the 2nd Lieutenant, unless in ac- 
tive duty, then I was obliged to be 
powder-monkey. 

"It was a hard task to carry cart- 
ridges to kill my own countrymen, or, 
perhaps, a brother ; but I managed lo 
be of little service to them. 

" The first favor I got, or asked for. 
was permission to take a gun and sho<jt 



COL. SAMUEL XEVERS. 25 

some gulls that were flying about the 
vessel one bright morning. 

'' I stationed myself on the fore-cas- 
tle, and pretty soon one came along. 
and I blazed away. 

" The gull fell into the water, and I 
knew it would, for I Avas a dead shot. 
At the report of the gun, the officers 
came on deck and asked me what I was* 
up to. 

" I pointed to the dead gull. They 
asked me if I could shoot another. I 
told them I thought that must have 
been a chance shot. 

" But I was willing to humor them, 
so I blazed away at another. It fell ; 
I knew it would. 

" They asked me if that waa tli# 



26 MEMOIR OF 

way the Yankee boys could slioot; 
(and didn't the answer do me good.) 
I told them I was always reckoned a 
fool of a gunner, 

''They said no more, but I heard 
one of them mutterinor something: to 
the effect, that they "might as well 
try to take h — 11 as America !" 

' ' I got off that day without a flog- 
ging. I usually got two or three a 
day. The officers were a cruel set of 
men. Humanity was absent from 
them. I have often seen them flog 
old grey-headed sailors in the face, be- 
cause they could not hurt them bad 
enough by striking them anywhere 
else : and the sufferers not all knowing 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 27 

the cause, nor daring to offer the slight- 
est remonstrance. 

" Their love for liquor ^vas immoder- 
ate. There was not a man on board, 
except the Americans, but that would 
get " tight as a tiger's tail." The 
men would save their allowance until 
evening, then tflfey would drink it, and 
carouse till morning, unless the officers 
interposed. 

^'"VVhen any quarrel arose between 
any two of them, they would draw out 
a chest and sitting astride of it, would 
box it out. I have seen twenty boxing 
at one time. The crew were not al- 
lowed to pick any quarrel with us; 
and the Lieutenant once flogged anoth- 
er waiter for striking mo, as I was p;'S- 



28 MEMOIR OF 

sing him while going into tlie wash- 
room ; and afterwards scolded me for 
not fighting for my rights. 

"After this when I saw any dispo- 
eiiion on the part of a sailor to quarrel 
with mc, I hit him under the chin, or 
grappled him by the fore-top, and 
jumped him back oft the deck, and 
punished him till he asked for quar- 
ters. 

" A. few lessons like this, put me on 
terms of safety ; but before that, I had 
a black eye or a broken nose most of 
the time. 

"I generally managed to conciliate 
the favor of the officers, and soon pass- 
ed for a harmless waiter. But it must 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 29 

be remembered that I did them all the 
mischief in my power. 

•'When I was ordered aloft in a dark 
night. I would take my knife and cut 
off pieces of rigging and throw over- 
board, and call for more. 

'• They always kept the cannon char- 
ged, ready for action ; but often the 
powder would get wet, and they would 
be obliged to draw the charge. 

" I destroyed, generally, about sixty 
pounds of powder per day, by putting 
water in the vent-holes of the cannon. 
I managed to burn the large cable 
nearly a third part off, partly out of 
mischief, and partly because it might 
some time part and allow the vessel to 
be driven ashore. 



30 MEMOIR OF 

' • While they were on this cruise 
thej took three prizes — one American 
and two French ships. 

' • I do not remember the names of 
any. In one engagement, an eighteen 
pound shot came through one of our 
port-holes, killing the gunner and the 
man who svrahbed the cannon, breaking 
the oven, amidships, into a thousand 
pieces. 

"It came so near me that it knock- 
ed me down, and half buried me in the 
blood and mangled bodies of the two 
men it killed ; and still it was not an 
unpleasant sight to me ! 

•'There was one Yankee enterprize 
that came under my notice that I must 
relate. 



COI* SAMUEL NEVERS. 81 

• ' There -^-as a large, new, Englisli 
brig came into Ncav York harbor, load- 
ed -with provisions and munitions of 
war for the army, and ran agroimd. 

"They run a sloop alongside and 
commenced unloading the brig, so tliey 
might get her off at the next high tide. 

' ' The Americans, from the Jersey 
shore, with their glasses watched the 
operations. After the labor of unla- 
ding was over, the crew went on board 
the sloop to sleep. At the right time 
of night, seven Americans, in a whale- 
boat, started for the harbor. 

' ' They boarded the brig and made 
sail. They then proceeded to unlasJi 
her from the sloop. This last opera- 
tion awoke the lubbers ; but it was too 



34 MEMOIR OF 

to the fore-scuttle, and told me to get 
down and hand up such pieces of rig- 
ging as he named over, 

" When I had passed up a sufficient 
amount, he threw all back over me, 
and locked the scuttle. 

"About nine o'clock, the next day, 
the British officer came on board and 
asked the Captain if he had any de- 
serters on board. The Captain told 
him he had not. 

"The officer insisted upon knowing. 
So they searched eyery part of the ves- 
sel till they came to my hiding place. 
He then got the key and unlocking the 
scuttle, ordered his attendants to search 
that. 

"They dug so near me, that they 



COU SAMUEL NEVERS. 85 

trod on me several tiiQes; and when 
they desisted and went on deck again, 
you had better believe I felt more at 
home ! If they had found me, they 
would have whipped me to death, and 
hung the Captain. 

" The following day the vessel sailed 
for Salem, Four days after we reach- 
ed the wharf in Salem, Mass. 

*' During that time I had nothing to 
eat, save three small biscuit ; and yet I 
was happy. 

"When I got ashore, I went to a 
house and asked for something to eat. 
The woman — although she ought not 
to be reckoned among mankind — ask- 
ed me who I was, and where I came 
from. I told her ; and she refused to 



34 MEMOIR OF 

to the fore-scuttle, and told me to get 
down and hand up such pieces of rig- 
ging as he named over. 

" When I had passed up a sufficient 
amount, he threw all back over me, 
and locked the scuttle. 

"About nine o'clock, the next day, 
the British officer came on board and 
asked the Captain if he had any de- 
serters on board. The Captain told 
him he had not. 

" The officer insisted upon knowing. 
So they searched eyery part of the ves- 
sel till they came to my hiding place. 
He then got the key and unlocking the 
scuttle, ordered his attendants to search 
that. 

*' They dug so near me, that they 



COU SAMUEL NKVERS. 25 

trod on me several times; and when 
they desisted and went on deck again, 
you had better believe I felt more at 
home ! If they had found me, they 
would have whipped me to death, and 
hung the Captain. 

" The following day the vessel sailed 
for Salem, Four days after we reach- 
ed the wharf in Salem, Mass. 

" During that time I had nothing to 
eat, save three small biscuit ; and yet I 
was happy. 

"When I got ashore, I went to a 
house and asked for something to eat. 
The woman — although she ought not 
to be reckoned among mankind — ask- 
ed me who I was, and where I came 
from. I told her ; and she refused to 



36 MEMOIR OF 

give me a mouthful. The family were 
infernal tories, I do not know Vvhy it 
was, that I was not indigiiant ; but I 
went out, sat down on the steps, and 
cried like a child ! 

" It was thirteen miles to my fa- 
ther's ; but I resolved not to ask again 
till I reached home, and, Oh ! the wel- 
come ! 

'' The family had given me up as 
lost, and I do not remember of ever 
hearing of but one man, impressed into 
that service, who had the good fortune 
to escape. His name was Twist. 

^' The reason why I never applied for 
my pension, was because I knew not 
w^here to find him at the time the pen- 
sion act went into effect, and I had nc 



COL. SAMUEL NEVEES. 87 

other i)roof. I was with the British or 
English, eight months and a half, and 
was seventeen years of age when I left 
them. None but the officers' attend- 
ants were ever allowed to go on shore. 

' ' But few can ever know the cruel 
treatment of impressed seamen, — flog- 
ged, and stone-dead, some times, before 
they have received half their number of 
lashes ! and not leaving the service un- 
til too old to do duty. 

"I have seen men, thus impressed, 
who never set foot on the land for forty 
years. 

'^ The lash, on board a vessel, is call- 
ed ' the cat with nine tails.' The staff 
or stock is a piece of rope eighteen 
inches in length and three inches in 



88 MEMOIR 07 

circumference ; at one end of this are 
attached nine smaller ones eighteen 
inches in length, at the end of each of 
each of which is attached knotted wires. 
It is a cruel tormentor." 

Many things, incidents of every-day- 
life on ship-board, have been omitted 
here, as perhaps lacking the general 
interest, sufficient to make them profit- 
able to the general reader. 

It appears that soon after his return 
to his home, an uncle offers him the 
Lieutenant's office in one of his brigs ; 
but he declined the kind offer and gave 
for his reason, that he had seen enough 
of the sea " to last a life- time." 

Indeed, it is very apparent that this 
kind of life ne^er had any, even seem- 



€0L. 8AMUBL NBVBRS. 39 

ing cliarmg, in the first instance. — 
There was none of that wild and way- 
ward boy-fancy; nor that thirst for 
the excitement of novel sensations, that 
prompted him to leave his home ; but 
it was from the simple, but earnest de- 
sire to do somethings a trait that never 
left him once during his life. 

And even in his declining years, he 
was constantly busy in some kind of 
work. 

And from this escape to his father's 
home, begins the life of the freeman, 
the penniless seeker for work, the me- 
chanic, the business man. How well 
and nobly he met the rude touches of 
the world, and fulfilled life's mission, 



40 MEMOIR OF 

in laboring, acquiring, and giving^ let 
the reader of these pages learn. 

His first work for pay^ was for a 
Mr. Brown, a Boston baker. Here he 
stayed till he was well clothed, and had 
saved a small sum of money, when, be- 
ing one day absent, he lost, by the 
burning of his boarding-house every- 
thing but the single suit he wore away. 

At this time there was no State 
Prison, and the convicts were put on 
Castle Island, now Fort Independence. 

Here he did fort duty and baker for. 
the garrison three years ; and here he 
mentions a circumstance that gave him 
an opportunity to see the third Lieuten- 
ant of the English ship which he so un- 
graciously left in New York. 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 41 

" A large English ship came into the 
harbor, and I went on board of her, 
with others at the invitation of GrOT. 
Hancock. 

" I found there the third Lieu- 
tenant of the Chatham, but he did not 
recognise me. 

^' His name was John Love ; and he 
was the most arbitrary man I ever met. 

"The men always hated him; but 
he never left this vessel till he left it 
for an ocean grave, having been doubt- 
less, quietly slipped overboard by the 
night watch." 

In 1791, he came into New Suncook 
— now Sweden — where he spent the 
remainder of his long life. He had ac- 
cumulated a small sum of money, and, 



42 MEMOIR OF 

tired of the turmoil of his former life, 
he gladly turned awaj, even to the 
wilderness of Maine. 

In 1793, Mr. Nevers mentions a 
Spring's work on Sebago Pond, while 
he was clearing his farm in Sweden. 
He took a job to raft and "get out" 
a large quantity of boards — 70,000 
feet — from Stevens' Brook to Stand- 
ish Landing; distance, 30 miles. He 
says that his was the first raft ever ta- 
ken across this Pond without being 
broken up. He also mentions a peril- 
ous voyage across this Pond along with* 
a man by the name of Butterfield, and 
his family. They made the voyage in 
a long log-boat. The distance was 14 
miles to the mouth of Songo river. 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 43 

'' When we had got about half way 
across, the wind began to blow, and I 
hoisted a bed-quilt for a sail. 

'• At last the wind increased so that 
our only safety was to keep right before 
it. I told Butterfield to take the helm 
and I would bail out the water. It 
took my best efforts to keep from sink- 
ing. Butterfield was a Blacksmith, 
and was on his way to what is now 
Lovell. 

" We however managed to * weather ' 
the whole, and by running under the 
protection of an island, we were able to 
haul up out boat, and the next morning 
it was so calm that we could row the 
rest of the way. 

'' Just as we were going into Songo 



44 MEMOIR OF 

river, I saw a flock of Shildrakes light 
a little distance off. I took my gun 
and followed. When I got a good po- 
sition, I blazed away and killed thirteen 
and wounded two more, that swam a 
little way and turned toes ujt. Noth- 
ing more, worthy of note, happened till 
we arrived safely at Stevens' Brook in 
Bridgton." 

In 1791, Mr. Nevers came to New 
Suncook — now Sweden — 178 miles 
from his father's and into a wilderness 
four miles from any inhabitants. He 
explored the land he had bought, hired 
a man to fall and burn eight acres of 
trees, and then returned to Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

In April, 1792, Mr. Nevers return- 



COL. SAMUEL NEVER?. 45 

ed to Sweden, accompanied by one 
Benjamin Webber, who bought a part 
of Mr. Nevers' land. They labored 
to<]cether, Summers, in clearing; off the 
growth where they made their farms ; 
but they returned to Boston each Au- 
tumn. 

As Mr. Severs was on his return to 
Sweden, in 1793, lie stopped at Songo 
river, or the main inlet of Sebago Pond, 
and fished one day and a half for Sal- 
mon trout. In that short space of time 
he caught tvro-thirds of a ban-el. He 
salted them down, and said they were 
as nice as any Salmon he ever eat. 

In the Spring of 1796, Mr. Nevers 
was married, in Tukesburv. Mass., to 
Miss Either Trull, and immediate] v 



46 MEMOIR OF 

removed to Sweden; his wife riding 
the entire distance on horseback — 180 
miles. 

Mrs. Nevers had six sons. Three 
died when they were young ; the other 
three are yet living. Their names are 
Samuel, William Sd, and Benjamin. 
William Nevers Sd, lives on the chosen 
spot of Col. Nevers ; Samuel and Ben- 
jamin live near by. 

He built the first house (of logs) ev- 
er built in this region, in 1796, four 
miles, or more, from any clearing — 
the nearest neighbor being a Mr. Wm. 
Hazen, then living in what is now 
Bridgton ; and even to this one there 
was no road — all an unbroken wild- 
erness. 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 4T 

In 1797, Jacob Stevens built a house 
"within a mile and a half. This was 
deemed a near neighbor. 

Of the many privations and hard- 
ships of this early settlement, few re- 
alize, though Qnost have heard. To 
this day, children listen eagerly, to the 
stories, rehearsed for perhaps the hund- 
reth time; and the "tales of a grand- 
father " are caught up and borne along 
through groups of boys and girls, an^ 
made miracles. 

There can scarcely be a choicer field 
for the American history- writer, than 
this Pequaket region. 

From Fryeburg to Bethel, still exist 
the relics and charmed scenes of the 
bloody drama of Indian cruelty and 



48 MEMOIR OF 

"pa3e-face wrongs;" and it is to be 
hoped that some day, such a place in 
our Kew England History, may be 
assigned to this, as it manifestly de- 
mands. 

Nor can the vrondcr-seeker, the sci- 
entific explorer, the romance- writer, the 
curiosity-cahinet-gatherer, or the mat- 
ter-of-fact historian find choicer facts, 
or themes, or more correct data, than 
here ; for 'tis all traditionary. 

When we look with pride on the now 
prosperous villages of this region, and 
mark the happy blending of Art with 
Nature, the princely houses, the busy 
mills, the prosperous schools, and the 
^'' Spires of Faith,'' f\incy bears us back 
to the "solitary clearing.'- 



COL. SAMUEL NEVER,?. 49 

«Where the rude forefathers of the hamlet slept,' 

— oft startled by the prowling wolf, 
and the glare of Indian camp-fires. 

From the old men of silvery locks, 
tottering steps, but youthful-sparkling 
eyes, the well cherished legends of Pe- 
quaket, have thus far descended; but 
one by one the "grey-haired heroes" 
are gathering to their fathers. 

A few days more, and the last of that 
"pilgrim train" shall sleep his last 
sleep. 

The actors through all the tragedies 
of blood-bought Liberty, the supporters 
of Constitutional Freedom, will soon be 
gone. Oh! let the sons learn well, 
the lesson ; and watchful of the trust 
confided, imitate the bright examples. 
4 



50 MEMOIR OF 

and show to the world deeds worthy of 

"Heroes, descended, from heroes,'* 

It is proper, and quite necessary to 
speak of the neighbors, families and de- 
scendents. Mr. Stevens left several 
children, and some are now settled near 
the spot of their birth. 

Capt. Benjamin Webber was the 
next settler. He came in 1798, and 
settled within a mile of IMr. Nevers, 
whose sister he afterwards married. 

He was more nearly allied to Mr. 
Nevers in interest, than any other man, 
and for years they toiled together. 

He was distinguished for his appli- 
cation to work and business, and has 
left behind him the bountiful harvest of 
an industrious and frusral life. He has 



COL. SAMUEL NE7ERS. 51 

left a large family, and many of them 
are living near the first home of their 
father. 

The old homestead still retains the 
thrift, taste and opulence of the ances- 
tor. 

The next early settlers in this town, 
were Andrew Woodbury, Micah Trull, 
William Nevers (brother to the Colo- 
nel and still living), Senter, Peter and 
Philo Holden, Elijah Richardson, Cal- 
vin Powers, Stephen Sanderson, a Mr. 
Ordway, Mr. Green, George and Na- 
hara Maxwell, David Millikin, Oliver 
Knight. Sullivan Jones, Eben Stevens, 
Nathaniel Flint, Ephraim Jewett, Capt. 
Joseph Sanderson, Oliver Haskell, Ruel 
Power ; all of whom made homes, and 



62 MEMOIR OF 

most of wliom still reside on the first 
chosen lots — leaving families. 

These settlers were a hardj race of 
men, and no doubt to their labor and 
example, the present prosperity of the 
descendents is due. 

They sought no luxury, beyond that 
of a quiet home ; no pride beyond the 
respectability, the integrity and moral- 
ity of the deserving citizen ; no ambi- 
tion to grasp the fortune of any other 
than the laborer; and no aristocracy 
beyond that of blood. 

The soil was good; the climate 
healthy. 'Twas a rugged surface — 
like all ' upland ' — but productive, and 
so well was it timbered, that though 
for sixty-six years the ax has plied the 



UOL. iiAMUEL ^^EVEKS. 53 

forests, all along the streams and hill- 
sides, still exist important evidences of 
its native wealth. 

The forests were full of game, and 
the streams of fish ; and many hunter 
stories might be told, but space for a 
few only can be spared. 

It appears that the bear was a con- 
stant dread and danger. Whole flock;^ 
of sheep, and sometimes cows and oxen, 
were the prey of this night prowler. 
There never was a war of aggression 
waged upon bruin in his own peculiar 
haunts ; for it required all the time the 
settlers could spare, to defend their owi" 
premises from his attacks. Mr. Nev- 
ers says he seldom followed a track ; 
but when a flock was scattered, or a 



§4 MEMOIR OF 

COW carried off, the neighbors followed 
the trail, and avenged the wrong, by at 
least a future security, if not a past in- 
demnity. 

To show the great strength of the 
bear, he relates the escape of one from 
a wooden trap- 

One Fall, his corn field was visited 
a number of times, and he and Capt. 
Webber determined, as their steel trap 
was gone from home, to set one made 
of logs, for a large bear they had often 
seen. 

'' We cut off a tree eight inches in 
diameter and twelve feet long, for the 
" fall piece," and brought along and 
lay crosswise of this, four logs as large 
a€ we could lift= 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 65 

'' I shonld judge the whole must have 
"weighed over twelve hundred pounds. 

' ' Early in the evening we heard the 
bear's howl, and started for the trap. 

' ' We found that the bear had sprung 
the trap and got awaj. The "fall 
piece," with all the weight of the four 
log?j must have come upon his back ; 
but he had scattered them all." 

lie adds, however, that he was troub- 
led no more that !Fall, till his corn had 
ripened. 

He tells, too, of setting his steel 
trap, for one, and fastening it to the 
top of a birch tree, hoping he might 
hang him up ; but on his hearing the 
*' holler" he went, to find the tree 
broken off some seven feet from the 



5Q MEMOIR OF 

top, and followed the ''varmint," -with 
his appendageS; nearly two miles before 
he came up with him. 

The Sabbath day, so sacredly kept, 
was sometimes profaned by a bear-hunt, 
as seems from the following fire-side 
story, related by Mr. Nevers. 

" Early one Sunday morning, as I 
was reading my Bible, Capt. Webber 
came in and said that the neighbors had 
started an old bear and two cubs, that 
had been seen several times within a 
few days. 

"I took my gun and started after 
them. The cubs had climbed a tree, 
and a man, by the name of Felt, was 
half way up the tree after them, but 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 57 

dared not go any farther till the old 
one was killed. 

" The rest of them were equally un- 
decided as to the best mode of attack. 
They seemed to be afraid to fire, for 
fear that they might miss ; and all this 
time the bear was snarling at them, 
and they were dodging behind the 
trees. 

" Webber and I lay behind a log, 
■watching the fun. At last the bear 
came within about fifteen rods, and I 
fired at her. She toppled over, dead 
enough to skin, and the men soon kill- 
ed the cubs." 

There was, no doubt, not a little feel- 
ing as to which of the neighbors was 
the best shot ; but Mr. Nevers rather 



58 



MEMOIR OF 



claims it himself, in the following bear 

storj. There is no mistake, he was a 

dead-shot. 

''A Mr. Stevens had treed three 

bears, and ''treed" them on or i?i a 

big pine stub. 

"He, as usual, summoned the rest 

to attend. We took turns chopping at 
the tree; till it was most off, and then 

Stevens was to finish, and Webber and 
I was to stand and shoot them when 
the tree fell. The first one that made 
his appearance, I shot so effectually, 
that he died on the log. I then took 
Stevens' gun to shoot the next, leaving 
the third one for Webber, who fired, 
but did not hit him. 

'' I followed and shot him at the dis- 



COL. SAMUEL NEVER3. 50 

tance of eighteen rods — putting tATO 
balls through his shoulder — but he 
ran some rods and fell dead." 

He adds — "He was the only bear 
that ever ran twice his length, after I 
fired at him." 

Had these early occupants of the soil 
been ever so indolent, in farming, they 
could have lived from the productions 
of the forests ; for every kind of game 
was here. 

Mr. Nevers tells of one coon-hunt 
that gave him a sled-load of seven. 

But as practised as they were in the 
art of fishing, fowling, and trapping, 
they allowed themselves to indulge in 
these pursuits but little. 

They had determined to find plcnti- 



60 MEMOIR OF 

ful homes here for themselves and chil- 
dren; and thej nobly pursued the 
work. 

Farming, then, was a matter of hard 
labor ; not of experimental ease. 

To do a hard day's work, and then 
take a bushel of corn on his back and 
carry it four miles to be ground, was a 
common task for the farmer. 

To eat it in the form of hasty-pud- 
ding, or bannock, with skimmed milk, 
was the full bounty of the tiresome 
journey; and when butter or molasses 
was added, it assumed almost the shape 
of a luxury I 

But to enumerate the many incon- 
veniences of ''farm-life," then, would 
take more space than is warrantable. 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. Gl 

The first four seasons, Mr. Nevers 
lived here, he only stayed on the farm 
during the Summer months. 

Most of life, thus far, is a matter of 
his own record ; but from this time, it 
is carefully remembered and told by 
'' the oldest inhabitant." 

He had made a fortunate purchase of 
lands, and he had the courage and 
strength to improve upon it. 

The wants of a family, then, were 
fe-^ — scarcely beyond the immediate 
growth of the farm. 

Eridgton was the nearest trading 
town, and the "shopping" was general- 
ly done by Mrs. Nevers, in a weekly 
journey, on horseback, through the 
woods. This journey was made gcncr- 



62 MEMOIR OF 

9 

ally between the "early breakfast'' 
and the hour for preparing the noon- 
day meal. 

The only draw-back on the family 
prospects, was the long protracted law- 
suits which were institut^^d by two men 
in Massachusetts, who had bought, for 
a trifle, quit-claims of these "settlers 
lots;" and nothing but the nerve, en- 
ergy and public spirit of the man, would 
have withstood the vexation and ex- 
pense of carrying them on. 

One suit was in Court thirteen years, 
and the whole costs paid by him, — 
though as much for the benefit of sev- 
eral others ; but he had the satisfaction 
of seeing them forever settled in his fa* 
vor. 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. Q^ 

He paid one lawyer, Stephen Long- 
fellow, almost a thousand dollars. 

In the war of 1812, Mr. Nevers 
held a commission — that of Colonel — 
but he assisted in mustering his Begi- 
ment, and then gave the command to a 
senior Colonel, and was in no active 
service. 

He was a member of the Convention 
which met at Portland, to form a Con- 
stitution for the new State. He was 
frequently a member of the Legislature 
till 1837*! 

Besides this public duty, he held one 
of the first offices of this town, a long 
series of years. 

He was, too, almost universally em- 
ployed in surveying lands. He siir* 



G4 MEMOIR OF 

veyed and alotted out sereral towns and 
plantations, whose lines and monu- 
ments, to this day, remain undisturbed. 

A few facts as to the market price of 
land and timber, then, may not. per- 
haps, be uninteresting. He says — ''I 
once saw a deed of three lots of land, 
in which the consideration was ' tu-o 
mugs of flip.'' " 

The same lots, twenty-five years ago, 
before the timber was taken off, were 
worth $12,000. He says of one of his 
own purchases : — 

' ' I sold a horse for three hundred 
acres of land — three lots. From one 
lot I took $900 worth of timber, and 
sold the land for $1,400. From the 
second I took $-300 worth of timber, 



COL. SAMUEL NEVER3. 65 

and now the Assessors value it at $2,- 
500.. The last lot has since been sold 
for $3,500. 

There is no doubt but that seventy- 
five, and even nfty years ago, this re- 
gion was one of the best timbered por- 
tions of the old "pine tree State." 

Within the memory of many men, 
the choicest pine timber, — what is now 
almost impossible to find, "clear stufi*," 
— .was sold for twenty-five cents a thou- 
sand on the stump. To-day it would 
be worth twenty dollars. 

The purchases of a few of the early 
settlers, were a icorld of wealth : and 
even now are acres of dark- waving pine, 
"ever singing and ever sighing," the 
remote wealth of Mr. Nevers. Captain 



66 MEMOIR OF 

Webber, Capt. Wood, and some others. 

In 1837, Mr. Neveis lost the part- 
ner of his 'joys and cares.' lie never 
married again ; and from about this 
time retired almost wholly from busi- 
ness. In his last days, he says : — "I 
had accumulated enough of this world's 
goods to carry me through life, and 
since that time I have lived pretty 
much as I pleased." For forty years, 
surrounded by his children, grand-chil- 
dren, and great-grand-children, in the 
old mansion-house, on the first chosen 
lot, he has lived, respected and almost 
revered by all -who knew him. 

His great memory and conversational 
powers never failed him, nor was he 
ever unwilling to talk with any one 
•^ho might call. But few men may 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 67 

Lope to win the envious reputation of 
thu-s being a Patriarch. 

He loved to tell to a circle of eager 
hearers, even for the hundredth time, 
the stories of the Revolution ; and in 
some particulars, he has thrown light 
on some of the doubtful passages of that 
history. 

It appears that while on board the 
ship Chatham, as a prisoner, he formed 
the acquaintance of a Mr. Abram Day, 
who told him he was in the battle of 
Bunker Hill. He was in the first sec- 
tion that stepped into the American 
works. He says Pitcairn flourished 
his sword, and said, ''By G — d, the 
day is ours." An Am.erican boy in 
the fort, said, " By G — d, you lie,'^ 
and shot him down," and then escaped 



68 MBMOiR or 

by rnnning like the d — 1. Day told 
him that his companj were all killed 
but six, and they were all put on board 
of this vessel for marines. 

An incident in the "last war," too, 
is worthy of record. He says: — "I 
was in Boston in 1814, when a bill was 
introduced into the Legislature to ad- 
mit the British fleet into Boston, un- 
molested. Com. Bainbridge, then be- 
ing in the harbor with one of our larg- 
est ships of war, heard of it, and re- 
quested the committee, chosen by the 
Legislature, to meet him on Long- wharf 
the next morning at eight o'clock. 

Th^y met him^ and he made them 
the following comprehensive speech. 

'^ Gentlemen, t understand that yon 
pni^e to allow the British fleet to an- 



OOL. SAMUEL NEVSLRa. 69 

chor quietlj in this harbor. I shall 
conaider this, then, an enemy's port. 
I shall open a fire on the town, and 
batter the State House down about jour 
heads ; and land mj men on Chelsea 
beach, and laj a slow match to my 
magazine. I will hear your answer 
to-morrow morning." 

The next morning the committee 
waited upon him with the news that 
*• the bill could not pass !" 

Many more interesting historical 
facts might be written here, to show 
how well Mr. Nevers studied and learn- 
ed from his own personal observation, 
the history of our Kation, and the 
memory he had to relate them; but 
enough have already been recited, to 
answer the purpose of this work. But} 



70 MEMOIB Of 

the soldier life, and the politician lifc^ 
has long since passed with him ; and 
we turn to the character of the citizen 
and the man. 

In the extensive and varied business 
of his life, he never ground the face of 
the poor ; nor wrested one farthing un- 
justly from the poverty-stricken neigh- 
bor. He never took but six per cent, 
interest for any money in his life. 
While no man suffered by his extortion, 
many a one has rejoiced in his bounty. 
He never gave in large sums to any 
particular sect or society ; but he gave 
as occasion demanded, to alL 

In 1827, he gave a lot of land to the 
School fund of Lovelh The same year 
he built a house for the public meet- 
ings of the toym of Sweden, and they 



COL. SAMUEL NEVER3, 71 

Still use it. In 1854, he built a brick 
house for the School in his own district. 
His charitj was not of that kind, that 
challenged the admiration or courted 
the favor of founders of societies ; nor 
did he need to purchase absolution of 
the world, for his old age safety, by any 
dazzling display of fanciful munificence. 
His bounty began at home ; it filled 
the full measure of an earthly fortune ; 
and then it flowed in the easy channels 
of deserving merit, and worthy but un- 
blest labor. 

His character for benevolence shall 
never need be written as long as living 
witnesses shall be found ; and it is the 
design of this work, not to swell into 
undue proportion any attributes of this 
srian; nor to aggrandize the family — 



72 MEMOIR OF 

nor add a shade of doubtful merit to tlie 
name; but to give, in a brief, plain 
manner, the main features of a long 
life — embracing almost a century, and 
taking in, as it were, at a glance, the 
whole history of our Nation and Gov- 
ernment, from its earliest conceptions, 
to its matured strength. 

His education was limited, and his 
home, so far obscure, as to give him 
no wide-spread notoriety ; but the pla- 
ces he has filled^ show how well he was 
fitted for others. And it was, doubt- 
less, as satisfactory to him to fill the 
stations of humbler life, in the gift of a 
constituency living all around him, as 
it would have been, to have borne the 
easier burdens and worn the heavier 
haraess of Governmental patronage; for 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 73 

his whole life shows how well he cher- 
ished the wholesome truth that "the 
honor of an office is not in the office, 
but in the manner in which that office 
is discharged." 

" Paint me as I arn — wrinkles and 
all^^^ was the stern wish of the old Pro- 
tectorate. The rigid sense of justice 
and the quiet tone of the subject of this 
sketch, had he been consulted as to a 
biography, would have endorsed this 
sentiment. His friends wish to pre- 
serve this, more as a family record and 
gift-book to a few early friends, than a 
praise of the family. name; and the 
writer would avoid the fulsome, fawn- 
ing, and o'erreaching tone of so many 
^'- Lives.'''' No material has been cre- 
ated ; no facts have been colored ; and 



T4 MEMOIR OF 

no trait has been rounded into a praise 
unless it was legitimate. 

It is a palpable but deplorable fact, 
that, after a man has died, we are apt 
'- to gild his virtues, and bury his frail- 
ties." But when we remember that the 
memory of the dead, is almost, if not 
q7nte as potent in shaping the fortunes 
of men, as the acts of those among 
whom we live, it certainly becomes us, 
in justice to ourselves and children, to 
have impartial biography, as well as 
impartial history ; for as we live for 
example, we also take from example. 

The object -of this little work, aside 
from the gratification of a few relatives 
and friends, is to weave in something of 
the town's history, and to furnish to 
the joung i*aen a page or two of t^''^^ 



COL. SAMUEL NEVERS. 75 

life of a worthy pioneer, and a trust- 
worthy example of what any one who 
has courage and integrity, may become 
in more fortunate times. Nor is it 
likely that such an example will be 
lost. ilis life measures so many 
events, that he was capable of advising. 
He has marked the early struggle for 
freedom, and the faithfully-guarded 
treasure of free institutions and free 
society. He has marked the fiction of 
unreliable trade and over-crowded bu- 
siness, and the commercial crisis. He 
has been borne on the wave of business 
pressure, and he has met the revulsion. 
And often has he told the story of his 
early patient labor and luxury-denying 
habitBj when he has heard the young 



76 MEMOIR OF 

farmer talk of " profit and losa " in the 
Stock Market, 

His success, and the success of co- 
temporary settlers, has fullj establish- 
ed the productiveness of New England 
soil, as sufficient to sustain and reward 
the faithful farmer ; and his testimonjjT 
shows how any one, who has learned 

*' To labor and to wail," 

may find a competence for his declining 
years ; and, that contentment, — the 
"Philosopher's Stone" of real life — 
does folloWj and reward willing hands 
and hearts. 

Mr. Nevers remembers, and tells of 
the various political measures and chan- 
ges in the history of the Govemment. 
He has voted for every President, from 



COL SAMUEL NEVERS. 77 

Washington — first election — down to 
the present incumbent of the Executive 
chair. Through all the storms and 
tides of interest, passion and prejudice, 
he claims to have been a Democrat. 

In the struggle of a doubtful theory, 
he maintained and at last realized the 
successful experim.ent of a Republican 
form of Gov^ernment ; and has ever had 
the fullest confidence of the perfection 
6f a Patriotism that may render perpet- 
ual the blessings thus descended. And 
does it not become the sons of such fa- 
thers not to waste the heritage of so 
nobly endowed privations ? This uni- 
versal fortune deserves the same " Sen- 
tinel Watch" that hailed its first dawn 
in the Colonial AsBembly, 

V 



(Q >fEMOIR OF 

Of tlie moral character of the man, 
enough, has, perhaps, been seen. As 
for integrity, TN-hich is the basis of all 
moral actions, he lived above suspicion. 
True to the impulses of Lis heart, he 
lived and died an honest man ; and the 
choicest eulogy to pronounce, is that in 
all the business of his life, surrounded, 
as all men are sometimes, by unfortu- 
nate circumstances, and dealing laro-ely 
with ail classes, there is no record of a 
single act he ever did, that even the 
breath of envy has made a stain upon 
his character. 

As a Religionist, he was a believer 
in the faith of Universalism, His first 
teachings, were from the lips of the 
Key. John Murray, while he was yet a 



cot. SAMUEL NEVfiRS. T'c> 

boy ; and through all his life hopefully 
spoke of the final restoration of all rnen 
to the bounty of Him " who is able and 
willing to save.'' 

He died September 10th, 1857, at 
the age of ninety years, eleven months 
and twenty days. His funeral sermon 
was preached by the Rev. J. W. Ford, 
of Norway ; and to one of the largest 
audiences ever assembled in the town. 
For miles around, the people gathered 
to pay the last tribute of respect to a 
" Kevolutionary hero,'* a neighbor and 
a man — aye, more than this — a Pxi- 
TRIARCH. In the family tomb, on a 
sloping hill-side and hard by the home 
of his early manhood, he sleeps his last 
sleep. Society has lost a valuable mem- 



80 MEMOIR OF COL. SAM'l NEVERg. 

ber; the Trorld, a philanthropist; the 
country, a patriot; and humanity^ a 
friend. 

Three of his children are left behind 
him, and two brothers — all living near. 
The otliers, with the partner of his 
'' jojs and cares," sleep along with him 
in the family vault. But why mourn ? 
His was not an untimely death. Ho 
had filled the full measure of a life- 
time, and rests on the spot he loved, 
'neath the shade of his own planted 
trees, — 

*■* Whose composing sound hava their own sanc- 
tity; 
And, at the touch of every wandering breeze, 
Murmur, not idly, o'er his peaceful grave." 

FINIS. 



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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




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